Proof that the dual norm of the dual norm is the norm itself

Assume that is some norm on . The dual norm, denoted by , is defined by The definition gives us the inequality , which will come in handy later. Since the dual norm is also a norm, it too has a dual norm. It turns out that the dual norm of the dual norm is […]

Proof that the dual norm of the dual norm is the norm itself

CAPITALISM, THE STATE AND IMPERIALISM. Categorizing China.

CAPITALISM, THE STATE AND IMPERIALISM. Categorizing China.

Gustavo Petro and the Civic – Military Campaigns

Gearóid Ó Loingsigh looks at the new government in Colombia and how it talks of peace while increasing militarisation The Petro–Márquez government is one which proposes to bring us to what they term Total Peace.  The term and the proposal as such have been subjected to justifiable criticism, not least because it places the insurgency […]

Gustavo Petro and the Civic – Military Campaigns

Quasi-Newton methods: L-BFGS

BFGS In this previous post, we described how Quasi-Newton methods can be used to minimize a twice-differentiable function whose domain is all of . BFGS is a popular quasi-Newton method. At each iteration, we take the following steps: Solve for in . Update with . Update according to the equation where and . Limited memory […]

Quasi-Newton methods: L-BFGS

Saito: the metabolic rift and de-growth communism

Kohei Saito is an associate professor at Tokyo University and an erudite Marxist scholar.  Not a candidate for a best-seller in the non-fiction book world, you might think.  But you would be wrong in this case.  Saito’s new book (currently in Japanese), which analyses the relationship between capitalism and the planet, has been a smash […]

Saito: the metabolic rift and de-growth communism

Ep. 54: Cooperation & Resistance

“With deadly accuracy, a Canas swingman hurls stones the size of golf balls. The Incas used such weapons in imperial conquest and in defense against the Spaniards- The Lost History of the Incas In this episode we see how killing Atahualpa didn’t necessarily have the desired affect the Spanish had hoped for.  We also take […]

Ep. 54: Cooperation & Resistance

US LONG TERM RATE OF PROFIT, AND THE FALL IN THE QUARTERLY RATE UP TO Q3 2022.

us-rate-of-profit-q3-2022Download table-1.14-up-to-q3-2022-preliminaryDownload table-1.14-annual-1970-2021Download

US LONG TERM RATE OF PROFIT, AND THE FALL IN THE QUARTERLY RATE UP TO Q3 2022.

Higher Sense of Purpose in Life May Be Linked to Lower Mortality Risk

Source: Boston University Growing research indicates that one’s purpose—i.e., the extent to which someone perceives a sense of direction and goals in their life—may be linked to health-protective benefits such as better physical functioning and lower risks of cardiovascular disease or cognitive decline. Now, a new study led by a Boston University School of Public […]

Higher Sense of Purpose in Life May Be Linked to Lower Mortality Risk

Quasi-Newton methods in optimization

Consider the unconstrained minimization problem where is twice differentiable and . Newton’s method is a second-order descent method for finding the minimum. Starting at some initial point, at the th iteration we update the candidate solution with the formula where and are the gradient and Hessian of respectively, and is a step size chosen appropriately […]

Quasi-Newton methods in optimization

What Happens to the Dopamine System When We Experience Aversive Events?

Source:Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience A new study at the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience has examined how the dopamine system processes aversive unpleasant events. It is well known that the dopamine system plays a crucial role in motivation, learning and movement. One of the main functions of dopamine is to predict the occurrence of rewarding experiences and the […]

What Happens to the Dopamine System When We Experience Aversive Events?